Human Resource Development

 

Unit 1: We and Our Society

Lesson 1: Human Resource Development

Introduction

The process of positive and progressive change is known as development. The people or group of people with ability and skill who support in the development process is called human resource. Human resources like an entrepreneur, businessman, doctor, engineer, carpenter, teacher, etc are important human resources of the country.

Types of human resources:

● On the basis of skill: On the basis of skill, human resource is categorized into three types;

1.     Unskilled,

2.     Semi-skilled and

3.     Skilled.

Unskilled Human Resource: Unskilled human resources may not have attained any skill but they also can contribute to the development. Labours, sweepers, conductors fall under this category, however, they are equally important as other human resources.

Semi-skilled human resources: They have attained some skills but are not expert in the related field. Health assistants, co-pilot, the assistant director falls under this category.

Skilled: The manpower with complete knowledge and skill in a particular field and is an expert is known as skilled human resource. Doctors, professor, teachers, engineers, etc fall under this category.

● On the basis of the term: On the basis of duration, human resource is categorized into three;

1.  Short term,

2.  Long term and

3. Constant human resource.

Short term human resources:  These are prepared for short term and for special work e.g. tourist guide, manpower prepared for harvesting crops etc.

Long term human resources: They are prepared for long term service e.g. police, army, civil servants etc.

Constant human resources: They are the manpower who can contribute to the development throughout their life once they attain skill and knowledge: doctors, teachers are its best example.

Preparation of human resource:

The human resource is the most significant resource than the other two resources like natural resource and financial resource. It has to manage, prepare, utilized and reserve the natural cum financial resource. By knowing its vital role for development, the state has to run various institutions and universities have to produce constant human resources to prepare long term human resources and projects for creating job opportunities. In Nepal, there are some institutions for providing technical and vocational education to produce technically human resources. Human resources can be prepared by providing them with various types of training and formal education.

There are some terminologies related to Human resource management they are discussed below.

Human Resource Management (HRM):

To manage other resources, the human resource must be managed well first. It is the process of developing their efficiency to make them responsible and valuable to the organization. It includes conducting job analyses, planning personnel needs, recruiting the right workers for the job, orientation and training, evaluating the performance of the employees.

Human Resource Development (HDR):

Human resource development is a part of human resource management which involves empowering employees and strengthening their ability so that they can perform better. It aims at improving skills, attitude and behaviour of employees.

The necessity of Human Resource Development:

1.   To demand and recruit the manpower on the basis of Human Resource plan,

2.   To fulfil the lack of manpower and manage the additional employees,

3.   To increase the productivity of the organization,

4.  To identify availability and possibility of the expert and skilled worker in the country required for the job.

Importance of Human Resource Development:

1.    It helps in the effective use of the manpower,

2.  It facilitates to search manpower for the present and future and determine the incentive plan for the manpower,

3.   Useful to motivate the manpower and the organization to achieve the goal,

4.  It yields higher productivity from the organization by helping in the utilization of time, capital mobilization energy management, the achievement of goals, training development and minimization of loss.

Process of human resource planning:

1. Determining the objective of human resource planning,

2. Analyzing current manpower supply

3. Forecasting the demand and supply of human resources,

4. Analyzing the manpower gaps,

5. Employment plan and action plan,

6. Training and development any evaluation of manpower planning.

Challenges of human resource development:

Nepal is having problems in every sector since the nation had gone through political instability for a long period of time. Here are discussed some challenges related to human resource development in Nepal.  

1.     Lack of required manpower,

2.   Difficult to manage manpower since the production of the manpower does not match with its demand in the market,

3.  The human resource development of the country is not accelerated as expected since the effort of development has not reached remote areas, women, Dalit, differently able backward area, class and community etc.